Hindu tradition in Aceh Culture

"The influence of Hindu terjadai has been in Aceh since the days of ancient as the written by experts in the eastern Netherlands several books about the cultural history of Aceh"
( Prof Dr H Aboebakar Atjeh: 1972 ).

Customs and culture of Aceh with a thick atmosphere of Islam, still influenced by the Hindu tradition. because, before entering Islam, Hindu, has been developing in Aceh. After the entry of Islam,Hindu elements removed, but the traditions that are still maintained until now.

Assimilated culture of Aceh, was discussed by Teuku Mansoer Leupeung, Uleebalang known as a poet. of the contemporary life with Teuku Teuku Pa Pa nglima Pole mini tell. nglima Pole mini relate.

Adat Aceh bak riwayat
Bacut sapat dudoe teuka
Peutama phon dalam kitab
Bangsa Arab nyang peuteuka

Nyang keudua bak Meulayu
Nibak hindu dengan Jawa
Nibak Cina na sigeuteu
Adat badu ngon Manila

Bangsa Jawa ngon Meulayu
Le that teungku keunan teuka
Hingga rame nanggroe makmu
Meurah breuh bu meuhai lada

Bak peukayan dum ban laku
Ureung hindu nyang peuteuka
Cuba tilek tingkah laku
Bajei Badu ladom pih na

Susoen bahsa Ara Meulayu
Barat timu bacut biza
Bahsa Arab na sigeuteu
Jampu bawu laen pih na

Likewise Teuku Mansoer Leupueng, according to Muhammad Said H in the cultural Culture Week in Aceh (PKA) II, in August 1972 explains, in the year 1891, a foreign researchers bern GK's and Nieman have found 150 words from the language of coarse language in Aceh. Similarly with the language of Khmer (Cambodian), but that is very dominant Malay and Arabic.

About Hindus in Aceh, as was disclosed by the Dutch historian JC Van Luer, said that the history and culture of Aceh before the advent of spam and western nations have been filled with Hindu-platform sentris ( Indonesia Indonesia Trade and Society, hal 261 )

Although Islam has been strong, some traditions and Hindu way of life that continues to cling to the people of Aceh. Even traditions that are kept positive, such as the tradition alive and work together various traditions and other elements of life gradually replaced with Sharia.

Hindu traditions that have been diislamkan is still there until now, as in the event khanduri laet (banquet sea), which is done by fishermen. Previously on this event khenduri sea, the blood of the buffalo is, in asoe (organs) along with the buffalo head, wrapped again with the skin, and then dihanyutkan into the sea as a tribute to the sea.

Events banquet sea is still survive until now, but in line with the influx of Islam, offerings for the disposal of the sea removed, the ritual of making sesajennya replaced with a banquet and prayer together.Beef or buffalo that been eaten together with the orphans and the very poor to party done to get the blessing.

Cutting white chicken and chicken in black daka (floodgate) embankment ponds by the farmers before the harvest is also the remnants of Hindu tradition that is still done until now by traditional farmers' ponds. Thigh, liver and breast of chicken that is well cooked, baked and fried, along with other dishes wrapped in banana leaves fragmentary and then in the betel established pelepah such as gondola to be installed on the stem of a tree or wood in the ponds. This is also the remnants of Hindu tradition. Now this event began and replaced with the orphans to pray together before the harvest ponds.

In addition peusijuek (fresh flour) valuables such as the new train bought and car, using various types of grass. With the grass roots that have been tied, water dipercikkan to offer goods that ditepung .. Events peusoen or peusijeuk peusijeuk The new people recover from illness or travel far from home is also the remnants of Hindu tradition.

Likewise, the event split the coconut on peutreun aneuk miet (bring out the baby first) juag is a Hindu traditions that still exist until now in the life of the people of Aceh.In dress, hair in bun X women is also a manner that they be entrenched in the Hindu community in Aceh until now.

One of the more condensed and again prohibited in Quebec, such as the glorification of large trees with how to conform to the interest-bungaan tied with yarn in various branches of the tree by magic fan, it is also a Hindu culture.

According to HM Zainuddin in his writings "of Aceh and In the epigraph Local History." Before Islam entry to Aceh, Aceh has been developed in cities such as kerajan Hindu: Poli Kingdom in Pidie, which developed around the year 413 M. kerajan is formed and brought by immigrants from the island Ceylon. Kingdom of Indrapuri in Indrapuri. Kingdom Indrapatra in Ladong. Kingdom Indrapurwa in Lampageu, Kuala pancu.

All cities after Hindu strong anger in Aceh destroyed.Former ex-government, albeit still may be already buried, as in the area of Paya Seutui, Subdistrict Ulim (Ulim border with Meurah Two), Ladong in ruins.

Even by HM Zainuddin, Indrapuri mosque built over the ruins of the temple. [iskandar In 1830, Haji Mohammed, better known as the Tuanku Tambusi also demolish temples and batunya then used to build mosques and fortresses. [Iskandar norman]

Source : from here.

THE PERIOD OF HINDU KINGDOMS

Many well-organized kingdoms with a high degree of civilization were ruled by indigenous kings who had adopted the Hindu or Buddhist religion. This explains why this period in history is called the Period of Hindu Kingdoms. It lasted from ancient times to the 16th Century AD. Because the culture and civilization, which emanated from the Hindu and Buddhist religions, were syncretized with the local cultural elements, the period was also referred to as the Hindu-Indonesian period.

Indian culture and customs were introduced, such as the system of government in a monarchy, the ancestry system, the organization of military troops, literature, music and dances, architecture, religious practices and rituals, and even the division of laborers into castes or varnas. The Hindu literary works known as Vedas and the "Mahabharata" and "Ramayana" epics were also introduced through the wayang, or shadow-play performance, which is still very popular in many parts of present day Indonesia.

The first Indian Buddhists arrived in Indonesia between the 1st and 2nd Centuries AD. They brought with them Buddhism in its two sects, Hinayana and Mahayana. The latter became more advanced in the 8th Century AD.

In 144 AD a Chinese Buddhist saint, Fa Hsien, was caught in a storm and landed in Java-Dwipa, or Java Island, where he stayed for five months. The northern part of the island was then ruled by an Indonesian Hindu King named Kudungga. Kutai, on the island of Borneo, was successively ruled by the Hindu kings Devawarman, Aswawarman and Mulawarman.

When the Greek explorer and geographer, Ptolemy of Alexandria, wrote on Indonesia, he named either the island of Java or Sumatra "abadiou". His chronicles described Java as a country with a good system of government and advanced agriculture, navigation and astronomy. There was even mention of the "batik" printing process of cloth that the people already knew. They also made metalware, used the metric system and printed coins.

Chinese chronicles of 132 AD described the existence of diplomatic relations between Java-Dwipa and China. Around 502 AD Chinese annals mentioned the existence of the Buddhist Kingdom, Kanto Lim in South Sumatra, presumably in the neighborhood of present-day Palembang. It was ruled by king Gautama Subhadra, and later by his son Pyrawarman of Vinyawarman who established diplomatic relations with China. Because of a spelling or pronunciation difficulty, what the Chinese called "Kanto Li" was probably Crivijaya, a mighty Buddhist kingdom. On his way to India, the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim, I Tsing, visited Crivijaya in 671 AD to study the Sanskrit language. He returned 18 years later, in 689 AD Crivijaya was then the center of Buddhist learning and had many well-known philosophy scholars like Sakyakirti, Dharmapala and Vajabudhi.

The kingdom had diplomatic relations with the south Indian kingdom of Nalanda. The Crivijaya mission built a school on its premises where Indians could learn the art of molding bronze statues and broaden their knowledge of the Buddhist philosophy. With the spread of Buddhism, Crivijaya's influence reached out to many other parts of the archipelago.

Another known Buddhist kingdom was Cailendra in Central Java. It was ruled by the kings of Cailendra Dynasty. During their rule (750-850 AD) the famous Buddhist temple, Borobudur, was built. In 772 AD other Buddhist temple were also built. They include the Mendut, Kalasan and Pawon temples. All of these temples are now preserved as tourist objects near the city of Yogyakarta. The Cailendra kingdom was also known for its commercial and naval power, and its flourishing arts and culture. A guide to learn singing, known as the Chandra Cha-ana, was first written in 778 AD.

The Prambanan temple, which was dedicated to Lord Civa, was started in 856 AD and completed in 900 AD by King Daksa. Earlier Civa temples were built in 675 AD on the Dieng mountain range, southwest of Medang Kamolan, the capital of the Mataram Kingdom.

In West Java were the kingdoms of Galuh, Kanoman, Kuningan and Pajajaran. The latter was founded by King Purana with Pakuan as its capital. It replaced the kingdom of Galuh. The kingdoms of Taruma Negara, Kawali and Parahyangan Sunda came later.

At the end of the 10th Century (911-1007 AD) the powerful kingdom of Singasari emerged in East Java under King Dharmawangsa. He codified laws and translated into Javanese the "Mahabharata" epic and its basic philosophy, as exposed in the Bhisma Parva scripture. He also ordered the 12 translations of the Hindu holy book, the Bhagavat Gita.

Meanwhile, the island of Bali was also ruled by King Airlangga, known as a wise and strong ruler. He had water-works built along the Brantas River that are still in use today. Before his death in 971 AD he divided his kingdom into the kingdoms of Janggala and Daha or Kediri. These were to be ruled by his two sons.

King Jayabaya of Kediri 1135-1157 wrote a book in which he foretold the downfall of Indonesia. Subsequently, so he wrote, the country would be ruled by a white race, to be followed by a yellow race. His prediction turned out to be Dutch colonial rule and the Japanese occupation of the country during World War. However, Jayabaya also predicted that Indonesia would ultimately regain her independence. During the golden period of the Kediri Kingdom many other literary works were produced, including the Javanese version of the Mahabharata by Mpu (saint) Sedah and his brother Mpu Panuluh. This work was published in 1157.

The kingdoms of East Java were later succeeded by the Majapahit Kingdom, first ruled by Prince Wijaya who was also known as King Kartarajasa.

Under King Hayam Wuruk the Majapahit Empire became the most powerful kingdom in the history of Indonesia. It had dependencies in territories beyond the borders of the present archipelago, such as Champa in North Vietnam, Kampuchea and the Philippines (1331-1364). King Hayam Wuruk, with his able premier Gajah Mada, succeeded in gradually uniting the whole archipelago under the name of Dwipantara.

During this golden period of Majapahit many literary works were produced. Among them was "Negara Kertagama," by the famous author Prapancha (1335-1380). Parts of the book described the diplomatic and economic ties between Majapahit and numerous Southeast Asian countries including Myanmar, Thailand, Tonkin, Annam, Kampuchea and even India and China. Other works in Kawi, the old Javanese language, were "Pararaton," "Arjuna Wiwaha," "Ramayana," and "Sarasa Muschaya." These works were later translated into modern European languages for educational purposes.

Source : Here